As the southern part of the former Dakota Territory, South Dakota became a state on November 2, 1889, simultaneously with North Dakota. Encroaching miners and settlers triggered a number of Indian wars, ending with the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890. In the late 19th century, European-American settlement intensified after a gold rush in the Black Hills and the construction of railroads from the east. Humans have inhabited the area for several millennia, with the Sioux becoming dominant by the early 19th century. South Dakota is bordered by the states of North Dakota (to the north), Minnesota (to the east), Iowa (to the southeast), Nebraska (to the south), Wyoming (to the west), and Montana (to the northwest). The state is bisected by the Missouri River, dividing South Dakota into two geographically and socially distinct halves, known to residents as ' East River' and ' West River'.

Pierre is the state capital, and Sioux Falls, with a population of about 192,200, is South Dakota's most populous city. South Dakota is the 17th largest by area, but the 5th least populous, and the 5th least densely populated of the 50 United States. South Dakota is named after the Dakota Sioux tribe, which comprises a large portion of the population with nine reservations currently in the state and has historically dominated the territory. state in the North Central region of the United States.

South Dakota ( /- d ə ˈ k oʊ t ə/ ⓘ Sioux: Dakȟóta itókaga, pronounced ) is a U.S.

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